Saturday, February 23, 2013

Short-circuit voltage and current

Short-circuit voltage and current

 
The output voltage of the transformer depends on the type of load and on the load current. One measure for voltage change is the short-circuit voltage, which is the voltage that must be applied to the input winding so that it consumes the rated current when the output winding is short-circuited. In transformers with low internal resistance the output voltage only drops off slightly under load. This kind of transformer has a rigid voltage characteristic. Transformers with high short-circuit voltage are called voltage compliant or flexible. Critical for the short-circuit response is the dispersion which differs for various winding arrangements.

Power dissipation and efficiency

 
The efficiency of transformers is specified as the ratio between active power output and absorbed active power. Transformation of electrical energy in real transformers involves power loss. This includes the load-dependent losses in the winding impedance, as well as the voltage and frequency dependent magnetic and eddy current losses arising in the magnetic circuit. The power loss is converted into thermal energy. The iron losses are measured in no-load operation whereas the winding losses are measured in short-circuit experiments.

1 comment:

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