Single-Phase Transformers

Type of Single-Phase Transformers

 

 

There are various types of single-phase transformers which have distinct structural design and electrical characteristics depending on their purpose. Bell transformers are the single-phase transformers most frequently used. Autotransformers, high-reactance transformers and welding transformers are examples of special transformers. Current and voltage transformers are used to connect up measuring instruments.

Transformers Design

 

A single-phase transformer consists of two electrically isolated windings which are mounted on a common core made of sheet steel. The individual sheets are mutually insulated with respect to each other and layered so that the abutting surfaces overlap. The windings are made of coating copper wiring which are wound onto a coil body made of plastic. The individual piles or layers are normally mutually insulated from each other by insulating foil. Essential transformer attributes include the shape of the iron core, the core's cross-section, the number of winding turns N1 and N2 for high voltage and the lower voltage winding, as well as the winding configuration.

How it works

 

Single-phase transformers transform single-phase AC into single-phase alternating current of the same frequency but with a different voltage. The way this works is simple – the electrical energy absorbed by the input winding is transferred to the iron core via the alternating magnetic flux. The alternating magnetic flux induces a voltage of the same frequency as the input voltage in the output winding. In an ideal transformer the output voltage's phase shift is 180° with respect to the input voltage.